Urethra, Urothelial carcinoma, high grade

Urothelial carcinoma typically has an asymptomatic presentation, but may present with dysuria, urgency or increased frequency of urination. Hematuria is usually microscopic. Cytological features of high grade urothelial carcinoma include high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, nuclear hyperchromasia, irregular nuclear contours and coarse nuclear chromatin. An important differential to urothelial carcinoma is polyoma virus-associated “Decoy” cells. However, these cells have a glassy appearance to their nuclei.